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Nature is full of glow-in-the-dark critters, but their shine is feeble - far too weak to read by, for example. To boost this light, the team, who were participating in the annual International Genetically Engineered Machines competition (iGEM), modified genetic material from fireflies and the luminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri to boost the production and activity of light-yielding enzymes. They then made further modifications to create genetic components or "BioBricks" that can be inserted into a genome.
The team managed to produce a range of colours by putting these genes into the Escherichia coli bacterium. They found that a volume of bacterial culture about the size of a regular wine bottle gave off enough light to read by.
"We didn't end up making bioluminescent trees, which was the inspiration for the project," says team member Theo Sanderson, who is studying genetics. "But we decided to make a set of parts that would allow future researchers to use bioluminescence more effectively." The team presented its findings earlier this month at the iGEM Jamboree, held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
One major obstacle to harnessing bioluminescence is that the process relies on a class of compounds called luciferins. They emit light and are then converted into oxyluciferin, which cannot produce light. To counter this, the Cambridge team found a way to engineer BioBricks that would enable organisms to produce enzymes to recycle oxyluciferin.
Bioluminescent plants could appeal especially to people whose homes are not wired up to the electricity grid. These living lights have no breakable parts, and new lights can be made simply by growing more of them. The team calculates that for a bioluminescent tree to compete with a street light, only 0.02 per cent of the energy absorbed for photosynthesis would need to be diverted into light production.
Bioluminescent plants could appeal especially to people whose homes are not wired up to the grid
So are glowing trees coming soon to a street near you? It's unlikely, saysAlexandra Daisy Ginsberg, a designer and artist who advised the Cambridge team. "We already have light bulbs," she says. "We're not going to spend our money and time engineering a replacement for something that works very well."
However, she adds that "bio-light" has a distinctive allure. "There's something much more visceral about a living light. If you have to feed the light and look after it, then it becomes more precious.
Can a living thing give off light without being bioluminescent? It can - if it's full of gold nanoparticles.
A team headed by Yen Hsun Su of the Research Center for Applied Sciences at the Academia Sinica in Taipei, Taiwan, dipped Bacopa caroliniana, a plant often used in aquaria, into a solution of gold nanoparticles. The gold diffused into the plant's cells after a day or so. When the plant was exposed to ultraviolet light, it excited electrons in the gold, causing them to emit a violet-blue light. That light in turn made the plant's chlorophyll fluoresce red.
The nanoparticles remained in the leaves for between two weeks and two months.




New Islington is an inner city regeneration area of Manchester, in North West England. Historically a part of Ancoats, it has now taken a separate identity to reflect its changed status as a regeneration area.
New Islington is the original name for the area; however, from the area's last attempted regeneration in the 1970s to its current redevelopment it was known as the Cardroom Estate. It was one of several millennium village projects around the UK seeking to regenerate inner city areas. The name New Islington appeared on the 1840 Ordnance Survey map and there also a street with that name; this was also the local residents' choice of name for the area.
The funding for the area was secured in 2002 and property developers Urban Splash have been at the forefront of developments including the Chips building.
The New Islington area is bounded by Great Ancoats Street (west), New Islington (north-east) Weybridge Road (east) and Pollard Street (south). The area is also due to receive a metrolink stop as part of the general expansion of the tram system. It will be the first stop on the Piccadilly - Droylsden (subsequently after Phase 3B Ashton) line and will be situated adjacent to Pollard Street


What impact will climate change have?
Climate change is central to London’s future. It will affect every aspect of the city, from buildings and public spaces to the way Londoners live and work.A display of 14 arresting images will be on display at the Museum of London from 1 October 2010 to 6 March 2011. Like ‘Postcards From The Future’, familiar views of the capital have been digitally transformed by illustrators Robert Graves and Didier Madoc-Jones.
The display brings home the full impact of global warming, food scarcity, rising sea levels and how all Londoners will need to innovate and adapt to survive. Examples of the striking images that will be on show include Parliament Square put to work as a rice paddy, ice skating down the Thames, Buckingham Palace surrounded by a sea of shanty housing and the Gherkin occupied by thousands of eco-refugees highlight the shocking realities we could face.
http://www.london-futures.com/